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How Does GPT-4.5 Compare to GPT-4o? Key Differences and Improvements
At 4:00 AM Beijing time, OpenAI held a livestream event of about 14 minutes to release its latest large model GPT-4.5. In the press release, OpenAI stated that this is the largest and best chat model in the company's history, with over 10 times the computational efficiency improvement compared to GPT-4. Let's take a look at the specific changes and improvements compared to GPT-4o.
What are the changes between GPT-4.5 and GPT-4o?
Knowledge accuracy and hallucination rate: In the AIME2024 benchmark, GPT-4.5 scored 36.7%, while GPT-4o only scored 9.3%, showing a significant improvement in knowledge accuracy. For questions like "What was humanity's first language," GPT-4.5 will honestly say it's an unsolved mystery, with fewer hallucinated answers.
World knowledge and understanding: Through various optimizations, GPT-4.5 has broader knowledge and deeper understanding capabilities, no longer talking nonsense, with improved reliability.
Human preference and conversation ability: GPT-4.5 is more popular in human preference tests. It can better understand human thoughts, converse with higher emotional intelligence, grasp subtle cues and implied expectations more delicately, and has stronger aesthetic intuition and creativity.
Technical advancements: GPT-4.5 has new scalable technologies that can train powerful models using smaller model data, with improvements in steerability, detail understanding, and natural conversation ability.
Reasoning and application capabilities: Although GPT-4.5 is not a specialized reasoning model, it can answer simple yet challenging knowledge questions quite well, and handles code writing and physics problem-solving decently, though it falls short of dedicated reasoning models like Claude 3.7 in some areas.
Price: Using GPT-4.5 costs much more than GPT-4o. For input, GPT-4.5 charges $75 per million tokens versus $3 for GPT-4o; for output, GPT-4.5 charges $150 per million tokens versus $15 for GPT-4o. GPT-4.5 costs several times more than GPT-4o.
Features and limitations: GPT-4.5 has more features, such as search, file and image uploads, canvas writing, and coding capabilities. However, it does not support multimodal functions like voice, video, and screen sharing, making it inferior to GPT-4o in this regard.
Below is a comparison table between GPT-4.5 and GPT-4o:
| Feature | GPT-4.5 | GPT-4o |
|---|---|---|
| Release Date | February 27, 2025 | March 15, 2023 |
| Model Scale | Transformer MoE architecture with 1T activated parameters | Relatively small parameter scale |
| Training Data | Full internet content up to June 2024 | Relatively limited training data |
| Computational Efficiency | Improved by over 10 times | Lower computational efficiency |
| Hallucination Rate | 37.1% in the SimpleQA benchmark | Relatively high hallucination rate |
| Knowledge Breadth | Expanded knowledge reserves through unsupervised learning | Relatively limited knowledge reserves |
| Emotional Intelligence | Capable of recognizing user emotions and providing warmer responses | Lower emotional intelligence |
| Conversation Naturalness | More natural conversation experience, understanding implied meaning | Relatively mechanical conversation experience |
| Creativity | Excellent performance in writing, design, etc. | Weaker creativity |
| Multimodal Capabilities | Supports file and image uploads, handles writing and coding tasks | Relatively weaker multimodal capabilities |
| Price | $75 per million input tokens, $150 per million output tokens | $2.50 per million input tokens, $10 per million output tokens |
The Development History of OpenAI's GPT Series Models
GPT-1:
Release Date: 2018
Features: Could barely generate coherent text, marking the beginning of the GPT series.
GPT-2:
Release Date: 2019
Features: Limited capability, sometimes seemed chaotic, but began to show some ability to generate coherent text.
GPT-3:
Release Date: 2020
Features: A significant leap, with greatly improved text generation capabilities, becoming an important milestone in the GPT series.
GPT-3.5 Turbo:
Release Date: 2022
Features: Provided more accurate and concise answers on certain questions, though still with room for improvement.
GPT-4:
Release Date: March 2023
Features: An overall better feel, with more creative word choices, improved prompt understanding, and a slight reduction in hallucination frequency. Although the improvements are subtle, overall performance is better.
GPT-4.5:
Release Date: February 2025
Features: A more human-like conversational experience, with improved emotional understanding and emotional intelligence, significantly enhanced knowledge reserves and capabilities. Although the improvements are subtle, they are still exciting.
